Skip to main content. Module The Restoration. Search for:. Licenses and Attributions. CC licensed content, Shared previously. Church attendance was compulsory. Horse racing and cockfights were banned, plays were prohibited, gambling dens and brothels were closed, as were many alehouses. Drunkenness and blasphemy were harshly dealt with.
People being people, these measures were extremely unpopular. Cromwell had a bodyguard of men during the Protectorate. In the end, he was just as dictatorial and autocratic as James I and Charles I had been.
He called Parliament when he needed money and dismissed it when it argued. On Cromwell's death his son, Richard, tried to carry on as Lord Protector , but he was not the forceful character that his father had been.
The results of the Commonwealth and the Protectorate confirmed in the English a hatred of military rule and the severe Puritanism associated with it. From this point on Parliament opposed Puritanism vigorously. The Restoration In Parliament offered to restore the monarchy if Charles would agree to concessions for religious toleration and a general amnesty. Charles was not as hard-headed as his father, and he agreed to the proposals.
He returned to London on a wave of popular support to be crowned Charles II Charles' closest five advisors had initials which formed the word "Cabal", which came to mean a secret association because they were suspected to be the real power behind the throne.
The Restoration was notable for a relaxation of the strict Puritan morality of the previous decades. Theatre, sports, and dancing were revived. Charles' court was notable for its revelry and licentiousness. The English fought a losing naval war with the Dutch, and England's presence on the high seas had never been so low. Some feared that a change in monarch would bring plague on the city. When this did not happen, many thought that God himself was pleased with a restoration to the natural order of things.
Find out more about Oliver Cromwell's death. Although the famous chronicler of the age Samuel Pepys had been a supporter of the Republic and an approving witness of the execution of Charles I, when he began his diary at the start of he was in the Royalist camp. He was no prude, but was shocked and appalled by the debauchery the Restoration court. Over three consecutive years from , plague, fire and war struck London. Was the King too preoccupied with pleasure to govern his kingdom?
Had the nation not been a little too eager to throw off its piety and embrace the ungodly? By , the country faced a form of political limbo. His son, Richard, succeeded Cromwell. Contemporary accounts show Robert to have been an affable and pleasant man. But he lacked two major qualities to succeed. Possibly more important, Robert did not have a military background at a time when the army still wielded a great deal of influence in politics.
Robert became a pawn for the army and they forced him to dissolve Parliament in In May , Robert Cromwell went into exile firmly believing that he was a political irrelevance. Political stability seemed to be a way off dream as various factions vied with each other to succeed Robert Cromwell. There was a real chance that the country would descend into chaos — possibly even another civil war.
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